- Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report.
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Sung Hak Lee, Eun Deok Chang, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang
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Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):216-219.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.216
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 Abstract
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- Primary malignant melanoma in the bladder is very rare, with only 18 cases having been currently reported. A 65-year-old male patient presented with a 5-month history of gross hematuria. On ultrasonography, an 8.1 x 6.1 cm mass was revealed on the bladder wall. A partial cystectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of atypical, pigmented melanocytes that were positive for S-100 protein and they were negative for human melanoma black-45.
Although he underwent supportive therapy, an 8.7 x 5.9 cm mass occupying the prevesical space was noted on a follow-up computed tomography scan 4 months later. Two nodules of the left lower lung and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the left external iliac chain were also revealed. The patient declined any further treatment. The histogenesis of primary bladder melanoma is uncertain, but an origin from neural crest cells has been proposed. The prognosis for patients with this tumor is still poor despite the availability of several therapeutic options.
- S Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2 Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Prognostic Implications.
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Eun Deok Chang, Eun Jung Lee, Se Jeong Oh, Chang Suk Kang
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Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(2):69-73.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
S Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2 (Skp2), an F-box protein necessary for DNA replication, has recently been demonstrated to be an oncogene. The purpose of this study was to examine the Skp2 expression and to investigate its association with expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and HER-2, as well as clinicopathological variables including tumor recurrence.
METHODS
The expressions of Skp2, ER and AR were examined by immunohistochemistry and HER-2 amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in 117 cases of breast carcinoma.
RESULTS
Skp2 was expressed in 26 patients (22.2%) and was significantly correlated with tumor type (p=0.031), tumor grade (p=0.017) and ER expression (p=0.038). Twenty four (20.5%) of 117 patients had a tumor recurrence, and 6 patients (5.1%) died of multifocal metastases. Tumor recurrence was significantly correlated with histological grade (p=0.041) and lymph node status (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Although Skp2 expression was statistically insignificant in association with tumor recurrence, it might be useful as a biologic predictor in breast cancer. The simple and reliable immunohistochemical assay presented in this study can be a routine part of breast cancer evaluation and may influence patient management.
- E-cadherin Expression in Distinguishing Ductal and Lobular Carcinomas of the Breast.
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Eun Deok Chang, An Hi Lee, Eun Jung Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Chang Suk Kang
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Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(5):323-327.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Most breast carcinomas are easily categorized as ductal or lobular. However, in some cases the distinction can be difficult since some tumors may have intermediate features of these two. Prior studies suggest that E-cadherin is useful to classify tumors as ductal or lobular, as it is lost in lobular but not in ductal carcinomas.
METHODS
We studied the histologic features and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry in 57 cases of breast carcinomas, which were divided into three groups based on histology. Group 1 included 4 cases of infiltrating lobular carcinoma (IFL) and 1 case of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (n=5). Group 2 included infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IFD) with some features of IFL (n=48). Group 3 included a solid type of intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) (n=4). E-cadherin staining was scored as negative or positive.
RESULTS
All 5 cases from group 1 were E-cadherin negative, and all 4 DCIS cases were positive. Only 2 (0.04%) of the 48 cases from group 2 were E-cadherin negative.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the majority of cases with morphologically IFD with some IFL features are ductal.
E-cadherin immunostaining is of value in helping to characterize breast carcinomas with indeterminate morphologic features.
- Expression of the pS2 Protein and Its Relation with Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor in Breast Cancer.
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Eun Deok Chang, Chung Soo Chun
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Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(3):169-173.
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- Expression of the pS2 protein in breast carcinoma is a useful guide to evaluate the prognosis and response to tamoxifen. The pS2 protein is an estrogen-regulated 60 amino acid protein which was originally discovered following the screening of cDNA libraries in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and is induced through estrogen-dependent transcription of the pS2 gene. The presence of the pS2 protein in breast cancer is considered as valuable as the receptor status, or even more so, in predicting the response to hormonal therapy. We have investigated the pS2 protein expression in 62 cases of primary breast cancer in order to know the relationship between the expression rate of the pS2 protein and hormonal receptor status using immunohistochemical procedures on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.
Concomitantly, both the estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were examined using the immunohistochemical technique. Positive staining for the pS2 was seen in forty-nine cases (79%) of the tumors. Forty three cases (88%) of the pS2 positive tumors were ER positive and forty one cases (84%) of the pS2 positive tumors were PR positive ; forty six cases (93%) of pS2 positive tumors were positive for ER and/or PR. The pS2 status correlated significantly with the ER (p<0.0001) and PR (p<0.001). The results reveal a close association between the pS2 protein and either or both the ER and PR status.
- Loss of Heterozygosity Affecting the APC and p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Loci in Colorectal Cancers and Its Prognostic Significance.
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Eun Deok Chang, Won Sang Park, Byung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim, Sang In Shim
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(3):191-200.
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- Development of the human colorectal cancer is associated with several distinct genetic abnormalities involving both dominant-acting oncogenes (K-ras, c-src) and tumor suppressor genes (APC, DCC, p53) which undergo inactivation or loss. In colorectal tumors, the common molecular alteration is localized in the 17p13 and 5q21 loci encoding the p53 and the APC gene, respectively. The identification of these genes may help the understanding of the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia. In order to determine whether the frequency of the genetic alterations varies with sex, age, tumor size, or site, including pathologic parameters, such as degree of differentiation, tumor stage, mucin component, lymphoid reaction, tumor invasion pattern, vein and nerve invasion, lymph node metastasis, and other parameters, such as disease-free survival, distant metastasis and patient outcome, the authors analyzed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the APC and the p53 genes in paraffin-embedded specimens of 48 colorectal cancers by use of the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results were as follows: the LOH affecting the APC was found in 15 out of 31 (48.4%) heterozygous patients, while the LOH of the p53 locus was observed in 11 out of 26 (42.3%) patients. Among 48 patients, the LOH at both the APC and the p53 loci was observed in five (10.4%) patient. No statistically significant associations were found between the LOH of the APC gene and the proposed parameters. The relationship between the LOH of the p53 and the histologic differentiation, lymphoid reaction was significant (P<0.05), but survival was not correlated. Statistically significant associations were found between overall survival of the colorectal cancer patients and distant metastasis, Astler-Coller stage, lymphoid reaction, invasion pattern, nerve invasion, vein invasion, lymph node metastasis, and disease free survival. The above results suggest that the LOH of the p53 genes could be involved in the progression of colorectal cancers. However, neither the LOH of the APC nor that of the p53 have significant association with survival of the colorectal cancer patients.
- Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: Report of a case.
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Eun Deok Chang, Young Hee Jee, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(3):290-292.
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- Microcystic adenxal carcinoma is an unusual, locally aggressive neoplasm that has recently been recongized as a clincopathologic entity. Its histologic appearance includes both pilar and eccrine differentiation. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of small cysts and gland-like structures in superficial portion. In other area, basaloid cell nests and abortive hair follicles in the sclerotic stroma were seen.
The cysts were filled with secretory eosinophilic material, which was positively stained with Periodic acid-Schiff and carcinoembryonic antigen. Immuno-peroxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen supported the dual differnetiation of this neoplasm. Despite the benign histologic appearance, there was deep and extensive infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue.
- Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor of the Fallopian Tube: Report of a Case.
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Eun Deok Chang, Young Hee Jee, Sun Moo Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(1):92-96.
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- Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the fallopian tube is an extremely rare neoplasm. To date, only 26 cases of primary malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the fallopian tube have been reported, and no report has been published in Korea.
This is not surprising, since as a group these meoplasms are least likely to occur in the fallopian tube; the most common sites being the endometrium, vagina, cervix and ovary. We report a case of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the fallopian tube ina 63-year-old woman with brief review of the literatures.
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